Dividend glossary

Common Stock

Common stock represents ownership in a company. Common shareholders have voting rights, participate in company growth, and may receive dividends — but are last in line during bankruptcy after creditors and preferred shareholders.

In more depth

Common stock is the foundation of most dividend investing portfolios. Unlike preferred stock or bonds, common shares can grow in value over time and dividends can increase as the company earns more — making common stock the primary vehicle for dividend growth strategies.

Why common stock is central to dividend income investing

Common shareholders benefit from business growth in two ways: rising share prices and rising dividends. When a company earns more money, it can raise its dividend — which is exactly what Dividend Aristocrats have done for 25+ consecutive years.

This is the key advantage of common stock over bonds and preferred stock for long-term income: the income can grow. A bond pays the same coupon for 20 years. Common stock dividends from quality companies may grow 6–10% annually.

Common stock risk vs reward

The trade-off: common shareholders absorb more risk. In bankruptcy, they receive nothing until all creditors and preferred shareholders are paid in full. In a market crash, common stock prices fall further than bonds.

For income investors building for decades, this volatility is typically acceptable because the long-term income growth potential exceeds what fixed income can deliver.

Dividend-paying common stocks

Not all common stock pays dividends. Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway, and many technology companies retain all earnings for growth rather than distributing them. Dividend-paying common stocks tend to be more mature businesses in stable industries — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare, and industrials are well represented.

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